清凉月老师谈自然科学系列11：外祖母悖论
从因果不变角度解释时间旅行及宏观宇宙的确定性
Master Qingliangyue on the naturalscience series 11: Grandmother paradox
Explaining Time Travel and theDeterminism of the Macrocosm from the Perspective of Causal Invariance
一、外祖母悖论的提出背景
外祖母悖论，这个是爱因斯坦当时提出时间旅行概念的时候谈论的。
【这个悖论通常描述为：如果你回到过去并在你母亲出生之前杀死了你的外祖母，那么你的母亲就不会出生，因此你也无法存在，这样一来你就不能进行那次回到过去的行为，从而形成一个逻辑上的矛盾。】
I. Background of the Grandparent Paradox
TheGrandparent Paradox was a concept discussed by Albert Einstein when he first proposed the idea of time travel.
[This paradoxis typically described as follows: If you were to travel back in time and kill your grandmother before your mother was born, then your mother would not be born, and consequently, you would not exist. This would logically prevent you from making that trip back in time, thus creating a logical contradiction.]
二、宏观世界的运行机制：条件叠加与因果链的不可变性
II. The Operating Mechanism of theMacrocosm: Superposition of Conditions and the Invariability of the Causal
Chain
对这一个悖论更容易的解释，是从宏观世界，宏观宇宙的角度。
A simplerexplanation for this paradox comes from the perspective of the macroscopic world, the macrocosm.
我们现在所处的宏观世界，是大家共同的宏观思维状态的叠加，不是某一个局部的状态可以决定的。宏观状态的叠加，是一个共性的世界，它不因为个性的改变而改变，这是其中一点。
Themacroscopic world we currently inhabit is a superposition of the collective macroscopic mental states of everyone, not something that can be determined by any localized state. The superposition of macroscopic states forms a common world; it does not change due to individual alterations. This is one point.
第二点，宏观世界既然是共性的状态形成的，我们现在从定中的世界或者从其他世界来到现在这个宏观世界，你只能扮演这个宏观世界的某一个角色。这个角色该怎样演，它就怎样演，而不是你个体可以现在主观决定去怎样演，因为它是宏观决定的。
Secondly, since the macroscopic world is formed by commonstates, when we come to this macroscopic world from a state of meditative concentration or from other worlds, you can only play a specific role in this macroscopic world. This role will play out exactly as it is meant to, and it is not something you, as an individual, can subjectively decide to change now, because it is determined by the macrocosm.
就像咱们说的条件论一样，这个宏观世界它是无数的条件互相叠加，也就是因果的叠加。或者说，是一种业力的叠加（用佛教语言是这样的，用现在的语言是条件的叠加）形成的，这其中任何一个条件都不是随便改变的。
Just like the theory of conditions we discussed, thismacroscopic world is formed by the superposition of countless conditions, which is also the superposition of causes and effects. Or, in Buddhist terms, it's a superposition of karma (in modern terms, a superposition of conditions). None of these conditions can be casually altered.
只要你这样轻轻一改变，这个世界就会垮塌的。就像咱们用很多竹子、筷子等等在一起搭建了很好看的这样一个小建筑，把其中一点改变，整体就会垮塌。
If you were to change even a tiny bit, this world wouldcollapse. It's like a beautiful small structure built with many bamboo sticks, chopsticks, and so on; changing one point would cause the whole thing to collapse.
所以这个世界的万事万物运行都是很严格的，也就是说，这个世界它从一开始就决定了结果。就像一个电影胶片一样，一开始就要决定一个结果。你只要进去，你只要来到这个世界，你就只能扮演其中一个角色，这个角色是电影的影片已经决定了的，所以只能这样扮演。
Therefore, the operation of everything in this world isvery strict. This means that the outcome of this world was determined from the very beginning. It's like a film reel; the outcome is decided from the start.
Once you enter, once you come to this world, you can only play one role, and this role has already been determined by the film. So, you can only play it that way.
就像藏传佛教一样，他要选择到哪一个地方去出生，那么他要看他所选择的那个家庭，选择使用的那个肉体是不是能够实证，是不是这一世能够得到解脱，要不然他是不选择的。也就是说他有选择性，他选择的时候会严格的按照那个人的规定去进行，而不会出现这种所谓的主观改变的。
It's like in Tibetan Buddhism, where they choose where tobe reborn. They look at the family they choose and the physical body they choose to use, to see if it can achieve realization, if it can attain liberation in this lifetime. Otherwise, they won't choose it. This means they have selectivity; when they choose, they strictly follow the regulations of that person, and there won't be any so-called subjective changes.
一般人不是这样的，一般人是因为业力的原因被迫的。你某种业力成熟，你就被迫的进去扮演某一个角色。咱们有的人会说，有这种命运改变或那种命运改变的，会举袁了凡的例子。关于袁了凡的事情，你做袁了凡的时候，你也同样是按照他的一生去走。张三下一世投胎去做袁了凡的时候，他也会按照袁了凡的一生走。因为袁了凡这个肉体，他就是一步一步按既定的路线这样走的。任何人进去扮演这个角色的时候，都是一步一步这样走的。所以说，不在于他有主观能动性去改变，而是这个角色本身是无法改变的，也就是说是因果是铁定的。
Ordinary people are not like this; ordinary people areforced due to karma. When a certain karma ripens, you are forced to enter and play a certain role. Some people might say that there are instances of changing one's fate and cite the example of Yuan Liaofan. Regarding Yuan Liaofan's story, when you become Yuan Liaofan, you will still follow the path of his life. When Zhang San is reborn as Yuan Liaofan in the next life, he will also follow Yuan Liaofan's life. Because Yuan Liaofan's physical body followed a predetermined path step by step. Anyone who enters and plays this role will follow it step by step. Therefore, it's not about his subjective initiative to change, but rather that the role itself cannot be changed, meaning that cause and effect are fixed.
三、因果逻辑的科学审视：从佛教概念到现实规律的映射
III. Scientific Examination ofCausal Logic: Mapping from Buddhist Concepts to Real-World Laws
也就是说，因果不可能像我们说的这样去把它改变，因果只能是暂时的伏下。也就是说，你达到定中了，这个因果的链条会暂时的停止作用，但是当你从定中退下来的时候，你照样受这个因果，也就是因果不可改变。
This means that cause and effect cannot be changed as wemight say; they can only be temporarily suppressed. That is, when you reach a state of meditative concentration, the chain of cause and effect will temporarily cease to function, but when you withdraw from that state, you will still be subject to these causes and effects, meaning cause and effect are unchangeable.
不存在所谓的忏悔消业，那都是骗人的，没有这回事的。忏悔只能让你的业力减轻，某些业推迟成熟。如果忏悔能够把所有的业力都改变，改变因果，那么你去杀一个人，然后你说‘我忏悔呀，真诚的忏悔’，向人家的家人跪谢，然后公安局就不枪毙你？这是不可能的。业力就是这样的，不存在忏悔消业这回事。
There is no such thing as "repentance eliminatingkarma"; that's all deceptive, it doesn't exist. Repentance can only lighten your karma, delaying the ripening of certain karmas. If repentance could change all karma and alter cause and effect, then if you were to kill someone and then say, "I repent, I sincerely repent," and kneel before their family, would the police then not execute you? That's impossible. Karma is like that; there's no such thing as repentance eliminating karma.
佛教一个基本的观念，是没有时间性。在那个如来藏状态，我们这个世界所有的情况，如来藏的状态全部都有，全部都知道。也就是说，第八识具有一切的种子识。什么叫种子识？种子识就相当于一个存放电影的胶片一样，一整部电影的内容都存放在胶片里面，然后你想演哪一个电影环节就拿出来。现实的东西也是这样的，一定要了解：宇宙，当它刚生成的时候，结果已经定了。
A fundamental concept in Buddhism is timelessness. Inthat state of the Tathagatagarbha (Buddha-nature), all conditions of our world are present and known. This means that the eighth consciousness contains all "seed consciousnesses." What is seed consciousness? Seed consciousness is like a film reel that stores an entire movie; the content of the whole movie is stored on the film, and you take out whichever part you want to play.
Reality is also like this; it's important to understand: when the universe first came into being, the outcome was already determined.
要想理解的更加深刻的话，大家将来开天眼会看得清清楚楚。也就是，几年之后的某天，某个时刻你在干什么？你在说什么话？你在和谁说？你用什么样的举动去说？全部都是清清楚楚的。这就像推背图一样，看到未来怎么怎么样，所以这个是需要注意一点。
To understandthis more deeply, when you eventually open your celestial eye, you will see everything clearly. That is, what you will be doing, what you will be saying, whom you will be talking to, and what actions you will take on a certain day, at a certain time, several years from now – all of it will be perfectly clear. This is like the Tui Bei Tu (Pushing Back Diagram), which sees how the future will unfold, so this is something to pay attention to.