清凉月老师谈自然科学系列12：暗物质
Master Qingliangyue on Natural Science Series 12: Dark Matter
量子力学研究物质之间怎么作用的？光是物质演变过程中一个阶段出现的一种现象，物质在更高程度的时候是没有光这种现象的。所以到了光这个阶段，我们再往前研究的时候，它就是一个暗物质，我们是没法发现的，你发现不了这些物质的一个形态。
How does quantum mechanics study the interactions between substances? Light is a phenomenon that appears at a certain stage in the evolution of matter; at a higher level of matter, there is no such phenomenon as light. Therefore, when we research beyond the stage of light, it becomes dark matter, which we cannot detect. You cannot discover a form of these substances.
所以说，到了光这个阶段，我们科学的研究已经到了尽头了，因为我们的仪器就是一个光学仪器。无论现代发明的仪器看起来多么的先进，比如说我们现在各种的显微镜，表面看来非常的复杂，非常的高大上，但是无论它多么的高大上，但是有一点，它就是个光学仪器，它仍然摆脱不了光。从物质的形态学特征去研究物质，摆脱不了对光的依赖。
Thus, at the stage of light, our scientific research has reached its limit because our instruments are optical instruments. No matter how advanced modern instruments may seem, for example, our various microscopes today appear very complex and sophisticated, but no matter how sophisticated they are, they are still optical instruments; they cannot escape the reliance on light. When studying matter based on its morphological characteristics, we cannot escape the dependence on light.
所以说爱因斯坦把光定义为什么？物质的最高形态。光是不可超越的。以光做一个界限，在相对论里面对这些都谈的非常的清楚。所以说，到了光这个阶段之后，物质的更高的层次就是看不见的，就是所谓的“暗物质”。
So, how did Einstein define light? As the highest form of matter. Light is insurmountable. Light serves as a boundary, and these concepts are very clearly discussed in relativity. Therefore, beyond the stage of light, higher levels of matter are invisible, which is what is called "dark matter."
对暗物质这种层次物质的研究，我们现在还基本就是一个空白，我们只是通过一些现象推测，去推测这个暗物质是怎么样。
Our current research into this level of matter, dark matter, is basically a blank slate. We only infer and speculate about what dark matter is like based on certain phenomena.
比如说我们通过对黑洞的研究，我们现在就睁眼去看这个宇宙的时候，你根本看不到那个地方有什么东西，因为什么光都没有，光都出不来。所以你根本看不到哪个地方有黑洞，只是说你根据周边事物，周边天体运行的一个异常的现象，你去推断那个地方可能有一个东西，那个东西叫做“黑洞”。
For example, through our research on black holes, when we now open our eyes and look at the universe, you simply cannot see anything in that place, because there is no light at all; light cannot escape. So you cannot see where a black hole is; you only infer that there might be something there, based on abnormal phenomena in the surrounding objects and celestial bodies. That something is called a "black hole."
但其实你睁眼去看的时候，你是根本看不到的，你是不知道有这个东西的，我们对它仅仅限于一个推测，这是对黑洞的研究，这是对暗物质方面我们进行这样的研究。
But in reality, when you open your eyes and look, you simply cannot see it; you don't know that such a thing exists. Our understanding of it is limited to inference. This is our research on black holes, and this is how we conduct research on dark matter.
我们国家和欧洲在进行物质的生成这个方面的研究。我们在这块进行了非常艰辛的探索，我们国家也是在地下很深的地方制造一个真空管。通过真空管去观察这个物质的生成，我们能够观察到物质是无中生有的。
Our country and Europe are conducting research on the generation of matter. We have made very arduous explorations in this area. Our country has also created a vacuum tube deep underground. Through this vacuum tube, we observe the generation of matter, and we can observe that matter appears ex nihilo (out of nothing).
但这个物质为什么在此时此地出现？在这个时间在这个地方它怎么一下子生成的？这个我们根本没法掌握，我们仅仅只是观察到这个现象。我们观察到这个现象证明什么？只是证明我们面前平常认为什么都没有的虚空，它是一个高级物质，我们唯一只证明了这一点。但是这个物质究竟怎么生成的，它有什么样的规律？我们都没法掌握。
However, why does this matter appear at this specific time and place? How did it suddenly generate at this time and place? We have no way of grasping this; we only observe the phenomenon. What does observing this phenomenon prove? It only proves that the void we usually consider to be empty in front of us is a high-level substance. This is the only thing we have proven. But how exactly is this matter generated, and what are its laws? We have no way of grasping this.